i wanna know
who's permissions are needed who spends the money on it
who's permissions are needed who spends the money on it
-
First, after studying the local codes, an overall design is proposed and taken to local code people who determine if it complies with the law/codes - no stinky buildings in residential, no huge buildings on narrow streets, enough parking for the people who will occupy so cars are not on the streets, and so on. If changes are needed, the cycle is repeated.
If the zoning has to be changed to allow the building, this change has to be petitioned, neighbors have to be notified, hearings held and approval gained. Again changes in design may be needed.
Then detailed plans must be drawn up for concrete, electrical, plumbing, framing, sheathing, fire protection, and so on and these approved.
Meanwhile, or earlier, basic money must be raised to carry out the process above and that below - this may come from investors, savings of the firm doing the planning, loans made on the promise of companies to rent in the building, etc.
Major loans must be arranged at two levels - construction loans provide immediate cash, usually in increments as construction proceeds, to buy materials, pay for the processes during construction, and pay laborers. These loans are based on the good faith an credit of the construction company and owners and failure of a project may bankrupt them. After construction is done and leases signed, etc,, the long term financing - mortgage - backed by the structure kicks in and pays off the construction loans and provides long term, monthly payback with a lower interest rate.
During construction, everything has to be inspected to see that it matches the plans - the contractor overseeing subcontractors and city inspectors checking compliance with code in the actual installation. Also, the city or other governments may inspect for safety of workers and of public in the area - like cranes being properly used and materials stored on the site.
Police may be involved when traffic is messed up by large or repeated deliveries and street blockages have to be worked out with the city planning department.
When the building is supposedly done, a final inspection is done to make sure that things actually work as expected - drains drain, vents vent, fire alarms alarm, breakers break, and so on, and a Certificate of Occupancy is issued allowing the building to be used.
If the zoning has to be changed to allow the building, this change has to be petitioned, neighbors have to be notified, hearings held and approval gained. Again changes in design may be needed.
Then detailed plans must be drawn up for concrete, electrical, plumbing, framing, sheathing, fire protection, and so on and these approved.
Meanwhile, or earlier, basic money must be raised to carry out the process above and that below - this may come from investors, savings of the firm doing the planning, loans made on the promise of companies to rent in the building, etc.
Major loans must be arranged at two levels - construction loans provide immediate cash, usually in increments as construction proceeds, to buy materials, pay for the processes during construction, and pay laborers. These loans are based on the good faith an credit of the construction company and owners and failure of a project may bankrupt them. After construction is done and leases signed, etc,, the long term financing - mortgage - backed by the structure kicks in and pays off the construction loans and provides long term, monthly payback with a lower interest rate.
During construction, everything has to be inspected to see that it matches the plans - the contractor overseeing subcontractors and city inspectors checking compliance with code in the actual installation. Also, the city or other governments may inspect for safety of workers and of public in the area - like cranes being properly used and materials stored on the site.
Police may be involved when traffic is messed up by large or repeated deliveries and street blockages have to be worked out with the city planning department.
When the building is supposedly done, a final inspection is done to make sure that things actually work as expected - drains drain, vents vent, fire alarms alarm, breakers break, and so on, and a Certificate of Occupancy is issued allowing the building to be used.