Which one of the following is NOT a purpose of genetic modification

a. create proteins used in vaccines (e.g.,hepatitis B vaccine)
b. remove antibiotic resistant plasmids from bacteria
c. create hormones such as insulin or human growth hormone
d. create multiple copies of a gene of interested
e. modify the characteristics of an organism

d. Multiple copies of a gene cannot be created by "genetic modification" - they're amplified using a Polymerase Chain Reaction.

b. remove antibiotic resistant plasmids from bacteria.