How did life begin????
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How did life begin????

[From: ] [author: ] [Date: 11-04-23] [Hit: ]
............
I know DNA is made up of four simple components; Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. And those are further made up of Oxygen and such. But if I took those base pairs and put them together like they should to make, lets say, a kiwi, and left it there, it wouldn't make a kiwi, it sit there and rot, or something.

And aren't you proud of me, I start off by naming the parts of DNA, and then I say 'Or Something'.
......That my friend, is my smartness at work.

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New mitochondria and plastids are formed only through a process similar to binary fission. In some algae, such as Euglena, the plastids can be destroyed by certain chemicals or prolonged absence of light without otherwise affecting the cell. In such a case, the plastids will not regenerate.
They are surrounded by two or more membranes, and the innermost of these shows differences in composition from the other membranes of the cell. They are composed of a peptidoglycan cell wall characteristic of a bacterial cell.
Both mitochondria and plastids contain DNA that is different from that of the cell nucleus and that is similar to that of bacteria (in being circular in shape and in its size).
DNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic estimates suggest that nuclear DNA contains genes that probably came from plastids.
These organelles' ribosomes are like those found in bacteria (70S).
Proteins of organelle origin, like those of bacteria, use N-formylmethionine as the initiating amino acid.
Much of the internal structure and biochemistry of plastids, for instance the presence of thylakoids and particular chlorophylls, is very similar to that of cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic estimates constructed with bacteria, plastids, and eukaryotic genomes also suggest that plastids are most closely related to cyanobacteria.
Mitochondria have several enzymes and transport systems similar to those of bacteria.
Some proteins encoded in the nucleus are transported to the organelle, and both mitochondria and plastids have small genomes compared to bacteria. This is consistent with an increased dependence on the eukaryotic host after forming an endosymbiosis. Most genes on the organellar genomes have been lost or moved to the nucleus. Most genes needed for mitochondrial and plastid function are located in the nucleus. Many originate from the bacterial endosymbiont.
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