In my Biology class i was told that Carbohydrates are composed of the elements; Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. If all carbohydrates have the same elements then how can they be found in various types? What causes that? Please thoroughly explain this. Thank you
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As far as nutritional value goes there are two types
Simple Carbohydrates
Sugars, organic compounds whose bonds are easily broken down by digestion. Sugars are classified as monosaccharides (mono = one), or disaccharides (di= two). Monosaccharides include glucose, galactose, and fructose. Disaccharides are two monosaccharide units linked together and include maltose (two glucose units), sucrose (fructose plus glucose), and lactose (galactose plus glucose). Your body only has the ability to absorb monosaccharides into the blood.
Complex
Complex carbohydrates are defined as polysaccharides (poly = many) that are found in starch and fiber. Starches are polysaccharides humans can digest, but must be broken down into monosaccharides before they can be taken into the blood. Polysaccharides are either linear (amylose-polymer of 400 to thousands of glucose) or branched (amlyopectin-polymer containing hundreds of glucose).
Glycogen (stored glucose within the muscle), is similar in structure to amylopectin, and will be discussed later in bodybuilding applications. Cellulose is fiber within vegetables which humans are unable to break down and absorb into the blood.
Simple Carbohydrates
Sugars, organic compounds whose bonds are easily broken down by digestion. Sugars are classified as monosaccharides (mono = one), or disaccharides (di= two). Monosaccharides include glucose, galactose, and fructose. Disaccharides are two monosaccharide units linked together and include maltose (two glucose units), sucrose (fructose plus glucose), and lactose (galactose plus glucose). Your body only has the ability to absorb monosaccharides into the blood.
Complex
Complex carbohydrates are defined as polysaccharides (poly = many) that are found in starch and fiber. Starches are polysaccharides humans can digest, but must be broken down into monosaccharides before they can be taken into the blood. Polysaccharides are either linear (amylose-polymer of 400 to thousands of glucose) or branched (amlyopectin-polymer containing hundreds of glucose).
Glycogen (stored glucose within the muscle), is similar in structure to amylopectin, and will be discussed later in bodybuilding applications. Cellulose is fiber within vegetables which humans are unable to break down and absorb into the blood.
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1. Mono saccharides - a carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller carbohydrate units.
2. Di saccharides - complex sugars made up of two molecules of mono saccharides chemically joined.
3. Polysaccharides - complex sugars made up of chains and or branches of mono saccharides formed by condensation reactions.
a. Starch - plant carbohydrate storage that is composed entirely of glucose molecules.
b. Cellulose - most abundant organic compound on Earth, a structural polysaccharides found in the cell wall of plant cells.
c. Chitin - structural polysaccharides found in the outer coverings of crustaceans and insects.
2. Di saccharides - complex sugars made up of two molecules of mono saccharides chemically joined.
3. Polysaccharides - complex sugars made up of chains and or branches of mono saccharides formed by condensation reactions.
a. Starch - plant carbohydrate storage that is composed entirely of glucose molecules.
b. Cellulose - most abundant organic compound on Earth, a structural polysaccharides found in the cell wall of plant cells.
c. Chitin - structural polysaccharides found in the outer coverings of crustaceans and insects.
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Carbohydrates are, as you said, molecules made of oxygen, Hydrogen, and carbon. Most chemists call these things saccharides. These come in four distinct groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest, and easiest for our bodies to quickly turn into energy. Examples are Glucose (blood sugar) and Fructose ( fruit sugar)
Di- saccharides are just two monosaccharides bonded together to form one carbohydrate. This continues on until you get to very space efficient polysaccharides. Long story short, the difference is in the bonds that form between all the different elements in the molecule. Hope I helped!
Di- saccharides are just two monosaccharides bonded together to form one carbohydrate. This continues on until you get to very space efficient polysaccharides. Long story short, the difference is in the bonds that form between all the different elements in the molecule. Hope I helped!