Anodes-Cathodes Electricity...

I am unsure what makes the anode positive and the cathode negative... Also I am unsure of what makes batteries and other energy spplies have positive and negative terminals

A battery basically has two chambers, each with a different chemical reaction going on. These are called "half reactions" because they can't go separately, because either they require a supply of electrons (reduction, at the cathode) or give off electrons (oxidation, at the anode.) This is why the battery doesn't go dead right away as soon as it is made. There is a "salt bridge" which essentially lets charged ions, but not pure electrons, go through. Those won't go through though unless the charge gets rebalanced elsewhere.

When you connect a battery up to something, the positive terminal is the one marked +, the one with a bump on it for AAA and so forth. That end pulls in electrons if available. The other end supplies electrons if they have somewhere to go. The circuit allows the electrons to travel around, and then the ions move through the salt bridge to balance charge back out, and the reactions go, and you're using up the chemicals, slowly running down the battery.

Faraday came up with the names "electrode", "anode", and "cathode".

I hope this helps you out.

Electrons collect at the Cathode making it negative

Think about it like the Bully, the Wimp, and the candy bar.


Candy Bar: Electrons
Wimp : Cathode has Electrons (candy bars) that it gives up to the Bully (Anode).
Bully: Anode takes Electrons (candy bars) from the Wimp.

The Wimp (Cathode) is the Source of Candy Bars (Electrons).