I understand that the filament has a high melting point, but does the filament also cause resistance so that the energy can stay there longer or something? I'm sorry but I'm pretty bad with this stuff. Please explain :)?
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The filament is a very thin wire would in a helix, actually a double helix. The length and thinness means it has a relatively high resistance for a wire. And that resistance cause current to flow and power to be dissipated. That power causes the filament to get hot, hot enough to glow white.
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The flow of electrons through a filament with some resistance results in heat, which is sufficient to make the filament glow, or incandesce.
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black body radiation in a vacuum
http://www.cce.ufes.br/jair/web/TPTDec99…
http://www.cce.ufes.br/jair/web/TPTDec99…